Reconstruction of the port walls at Motya

Phoenician sarcophogi of a man and a women from Gades (Cadiz)

Sculpture of a girl playing an aulos from Osuna, near Carmona.

The Punic Goddess Tanit from Ibiza

The Acropolis at Athens

Statue of helmed hoplite, possibly King Leonidas

Cicero addresses the Roman Senate

Depiction of Medea killing one of her sons on an amphora, ca. 330 BC. From Cumae

Remains of the circular naval dockyard at Carthage

Roman victory against Carthage

Roman victory against Carthage

Carthaginian Victory against Rome

Roman victory against Carthage

Carthaginian Victory against Rome

The death of Archimedes

Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

The Colossus of Rhodes

Statue of the Goddess Artemis from Ephesus

Greek victory against Persia

Persian victory against Greeks

Greek victory against Persia

Stalemate

Greek victory against Persia

Greek victory against Persia

Spartan victory against Athens

Spartan victory against Athens

Spartan victory against Athens

Etruscan chariot found near Perusia

Phoenician sarcophogus found at Panormus

The Amphitheatre at Capua

Silver coin from the Hellenistic period of Marseille.

The Oracle of Zeus at Ammon, visited by Alexander the Great

Artist's depiction of Ancient Alexandria

Typical coastline around Mersa Matruh, where the ancient port of Paraitonion was located.

Byzantine fortifications at Pelusium

Greek Hoplites on vase from 500 BC

Samnite victory against Rome

Greek victory against Rome

The Borghese Gladiator (100 BC)

Late Minoan sarcophagus

Dolphin mural at the Knossos Palace

Schliemann's treasure, unearthed at Troy

Egyptian victory against the 'Sea Peoples'

Egyptian victory against the 'Sea Peoples'

Baal Statue from Ugarit

Statue of Idrimi of Alalakh

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Egyptian victory against Libyans

The theatre at Kourion

Bust from Idalion (6th Century BC)

Remains of the theatre at soli

Horsemen statue from Tamassos (6th century BC)

Cypriot syllabic inscription (6th century BC)

The Ziggurat at Ur

The Death of Jezebel

King Solomon's Temple

Assyrian victory

Assyrian victory

Assyrian victory

Stalemate

Gold coin of Diodotus (245 BC)

Alexander marries Roxana of Bactria

Indo-Greek Banquet

Depiction of a Parthian from Persepolis

Depiction of Sythians from Persepolis

Depiction of Medeans from Persepolis

Alexander cuts the Gordion Knot

Macedonian victory

Macedonian victory

Macedonian victory

Macedonian victory

Alexander is wounded

Citadel built by Alexander the Great

Chinese depiction of Greek Soldier (2nd Century BC)

The Tyche of Antioch (Roman copy of the Greek original)

Diogenes the Cynic was born in Sinope

The crescent moon has been the symbol of the City of Byzantium since the Classical Age

The temple of Augustus in Ankara

Augustus, Rome's first official Emperor

The 'Liberatores' kill Caesar

Caesar is victorious

Caesar is presented with the head of Pompey in Egypt

Queen Cleopatra VII

Sextus Pompey is defeated by Octavian's General Agrippa

Antony and Cleopatra are defeated by Octavian

The Tomb of St. John in Ephesus

The Gate of Bab Kisan where St. Paul escaped from Damascus

St. Paul was born in Tarsus

The Church of St. Paul near Antioch

Ancient South Gate of Anazarbus

The Monastery at Petra

St. Augustine of Hippo with Saint Monica

Church of St. Simeon, built 475 AD

The First Christian Emperor of Rome

The Basilica of San Lorenzo, built upon the original 4th Century pillars

Emperor Diocletian's Palace (305 AD)

Chora at the site of the Monastery of Saint John the Theologian

The Ancient Synagogue of Sardis

Gregory of Nyssa

Church of Nisibis

St. Paul's 2nd Epistle to the Corinthians

Roman road in Italica (near Hispalis)

Paulus Oroseus of Braga

A Roman room in Caesaraugusta

Roman floor mosaic in Conimbriga

Roman Mosaic

Roman Milestone along the Roman road between Asturica and Bracara

Paleochristian Mosaic 350 AD

Cassiodorus of Vivarium

King Agbar holding the image of Edessa

Saint Anastasia of Sirmium

Byzantium was renamed Constantinople in 330 AD

The ship carrying St Paul is forced to halt at 'Fairhavens'

Roman wall of Lucus Augusti

"Pontem perpetui mansurum in saecula"

Roman temple in Cordoba

The Roman theatre in Cartagena

The Aqueduct of Segovia

Roman road in Navarre

Pompaelo was founded by Pompey

Roman Aqueduct near Braga

Remains of the Roman theatre of Pollentia

Roman theatre in Cadiz

The Temple of Apollo at Bassae

Mouldings from the Temple of Apollo at Didyma

Statue of Apollo, Roman copy of a Greek original

Ivory busts from the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia, Sparta

Theatre at the Sanctuary of Asklepius, Epidaurus

Temple of Asklepius, Pergamon

The Asclepiaeum on Kos

The Temple of Athena at Lindos

Cassandra, naked, cowers at the feet of the image of Athena

Dionysos, the Greek God of Wine

The Eleusian Trinity: Demter, Triptolemus, and Persephone

Remains of the Heraion at Samos

The Temple Of Poseidon on Cape Sounion

Bust of a philosopher found at Dion, at the foot of Mount Olympus

The Temple to Zeus at Nemea

The theatre at Dodona

Image of Zeus from Attic wear

The Famous Statue of Nike found at Samothraki, now at the Louvre

Helios depicted on Attic ware circa 500 BC

The Temple of Apollo in Corinth

Birthplace of the Gods

Early evidence of baths, plumbing & mult-story apartments

Roman Mosaic at Sbeitla

Ancient Roman baths in Gafsa

Roman Mosaics at Thapsus

The Arch of Marcus Aerelius, Oea

Roman mosaic from Cirta

This Roman City was submerged by Sahara Sands in the 7th Century AD

Tlemcen, on the site of Roman Pomaria

View of the harbour of Tangiers (Ancient Tingis)

Roman Mosaic from Banasa

Reconstruction of Roman Carthage (the Punic city had the same port structure)

Egyptian influenced sculpture from Golgoi

The Trophy of Augustus

The Roman Baths at Cemenelum

Roman bridge across the Touloubre

The Roman Amphitheatre at Arles

Roman relief showing a decree welcoming foreigners (Calvert Museum, Avignon)

Roman relief found near Vacheres

The famous Roman pottery of Millau was exported all over the Mediterranean

The Roman theatre at Orange

Roman mosaic at Vasio

Roman Aqueduct at Pont du Gard

The Amphitheatre at Nimes

Remains of the Pont Ambroix bridge near Nages

The Roman Bridge at St. Thibery

The remanins of the Roman Via Domitia, which ran through the city of Narbo

The Arch of Augustus at Susa (Ancient Segusio)

The Antioch Chalice, late 6th century AD

Remains of the London Wall

Reconstruction of Roman Cologne

Paris became the capital of the Franks under Clovis I in 506 AD

Coin of Ostrogoth King Theodohad

Vandal coin minted in Carthage

Visigoth Crown from Spain

Vandal king Gaiseric sacks Rome in 455 AD

Roman coin minted in Sirmium, 363 AD

"It is the end of the world, I cannot write for the tears" - St. Jerome

Miniature painting on gilded glass of Galla Placida from Alexandria

Burgos Castle, built in 884 AD

Moorish castle at La Guardia de Jaen

Moorish castle at Gormaz

Mudejar tower in Teruel

Gibraltar or Jabal Tariq means Tariq's mountain. Named after Tariq Ibn Ziyad, who directed the Arabic invasion of Spain

The Castle at Buitrago

Walls of the Islamic Alcazaba in Merida

Church built by Ibn Hafsun, a bandit who converted to Christianity and led a rebellion against the Caliphate

Christian 'Mozarab' tapestry from Valladolid, 970 AD

The castle built by Ibn Hafsun, a bandit who converted to Christianity and led a rebellion against the Caliphate

Antiphonary Folio from León

Christian church in Caltojar, 11th Century AD

Abd al Rahman III's palace in Medina al-Zahra

The monastery at San Millán is where the first phrases in Spanish and Basque have been found

The Templar Castle at Ponferrada

The church of Santa María del Naranco, built in 842 AD by Ramiro I

The cathedral in Santiago de Compestela, built 1075 - 1128 AD

The cathedral in Leon

The cathedral in Burgos

A painting of Valladolid in 1574

The cathedral in Ourense

The cathedral in Huesca

The Castle at Guardamar del Segura

Castle built by the Count of Fuensalida in 1470 AD

Moorish castle built in 986 AD and taken by Ferdinand III in 1225 AD

Moorish style baths built by the Christians in 1313 AD

Moorish castle at Alcala de Guadaíra

The Arab baths in Girona

Moorish walls of Niebla

Moorish mezquita built in the 10th Century AD

13th century gate in Cadiz

Christian castle built in the 11th Century AD

Christian Fresco, circa 1100 AD

The Fortified bridge dates to the 12th Century AD

13th Century Mudejar style church in Cuellar

The Church of Veracruz in Segovia, 13th Century AD

9th Century AD Moorish Castle

Moorish fortifications in Badajoz

Christian castle built 1116 AD

Almohad Castle

13th Century AD christain castle

The Castle of Peñarroya

Moorish castle from the 9th Century AD

The Castle of El Cid

The medieval walls of the city of Avila

15th century AD christian castle

14th century christian castle

16th century AD painting of Santander

The castle at Orís

12th century AD christian castle

The castle at Consuegra was built by the Moors and ceded to Alfonso VI in 1097 AD

The Poblet Monastery near Tarragona, built in the 12th Century AD, was the royal pantheon of the kings of the Crown of Aragon

The highest surveillance point in the Cinca valley. Built in the 11th century AD by Sancho Garces III of Navarre.

The Alcazar of Jerez de la Frontera

Arches typical of Islamic Spain inside the 11th century AD Alcazaba of Malaga

The Alhambra, the palace of the Nasrids, the last Islamic Kings of Spain

The Castle at Jaen

11th century AD Moorish castle at Denia

Flag of the Kingdom of Murcia

The Alcazar of Seville

Old Moorish mosque constructed by Musa Ibn Ali in 999 AD

Cuenca was famous under the Moors for it's ivory artisanship

Saint Nicolas Tower, this Mudejar structure dates to the 12th century AD.

The Tower of Álvar Fáñez, who conquered the city from the Moors in 1085 AD

The University of Salamanca, founded in 1218 AD by King Alfonso IX of Leon, is the first Christian University in Spain

The Aljafería of Zaragosa, built by the Moors

Zuda Castle, built by the Moorish Caliph, Abdel-Rahman III

The Seu Cathedral, 13th Century AD

The Church of Santa Maria del Mar, built 1329-1383

Sancho II, King of Pamplona from 970-994 AD, pictured here with his Queen and his brother, Codex Vigilanus

Frankish campaign into Spain is defeated by a Basque army in allegiance with the Arabs

Christians defeat the Arabs for the first time in Spain

Christian forces defeat the Almohads, this marks a major turning point in the reconquista

19th Century painting of the Moors surrendering the city of Lisbon to the Christians

The Almoravids make their presence known in Iberia by defeated the army of Castile

Legend has it that the Portuguese Christians defeated the Almoravids with the help of divine intervention

El Cid fought with the Moors and defeated the the Christian forces of Aragon and Navarre

El Cid conquers Valencia from the Moors and holds it until 1102 AD

The Mezquita of Cordoba

Remains of a Christian church as seen from the castle at Trujillo

Castle built by King Sancho of Aragon in the 11th century AD

Coimbra served as the capitol of the newly created Kingdom of Portugal from 1139-1260

The Parador of Carmona, inspired by the City's Islamic heritage

Almohads defending Mayorca from Christian invasions

Pre-Islamic Sassanid art, 4th Century AD

Pre-Islamic Sassanid Mosaic at Bishapur, ca. 260 AD

Sassanid Cataphract depicted in a rock relief at Taq-e Bostan, Kermanshah, 6th Century AD

Sassanid King, 7th Century AD, from Mazandaran province

Islamic vase from Susa, 8th-9th century AD

Sassanid King Khosrau II fighting Ethiopian forces in Yemen, 5-6th century AD

Pre-Islamic coin from Kabul, circa 750 AD

Saint Elijah's Monastery near Mosul

The Great Mosque of Kairouan

The University Al-Karaouine in Fez, established in 859 AD

Painting by L.C. Tiffany of a market outside Tangier

Street in the Medina of Tripoli

The ancient Greek lighthouse in Alexandria survived until the 14th Century AD

The Mosque of Ibn Tulun, built 879 AD, is the oldest standing Mosque in Cairo

Muhammed at the Kabba in Mecca from a 16th Century Ottoman painting

Mount Uhud, where the followers of Muhammed defended Medina from the Meccans

The Mosque of the Dome of the Rock, built in 691, is the oldest extant Islamic building in the world

The Umayyad mosque of Damascus, completed 715 AD

The Umayyad mosque of Aleppo, completed 717 AD

1915 photo of the Great Mosque of Kufa, originally built in 639 AD

The Qur'an Gate in Shiraz, first built in the 10th Century AD

The Bazar in Tabriz is one of the oldest in the world

The Umayyad mosque of Mosul, built in 640 AD

9th Century bowl from Nishapur

Citadel built by Alexander the Great

Pre-Islamic Sassanid fortifications in Derbent

Ismail Samani mausoleum, 9th Century AD

16th Century depiction of Ali beheading Nasr bin al-Hareth in front of Mohammed after the Battle of Badr

3rd Century AD Griffon from Shabwa

Muslims defeat a Byzantine army

Umayyads defeat Husayn ibn Ali, founder of the Shia movement

The Arabs finaly defeat Kahina, a Berber queen who led the resistance to the Mulsims in North Africa

Charles Martel of the Franks defeats the Arabs and saves Europe from Islam

7th Century Church of San Giorgio, Rome

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre

Norman King Roger II of Sicily is crowned by Christ himself in this 12th century gold mosaic from Palermo

The Kingdom of Aragon conquers Sicily

The hilltop castle was built by King Alfonso V of Aragon

Split's Seawalls, originaly part of Emperor Diocletian's Palace

Otranto viewed from the Aragonese Castle

The Stairway of the King of Aragon, legendarily carved out of the cliff face during the seige of Bonifacio

Aragon conquers Mayorca

Romanesque Belltower in Sassari

Eleanor of Arborea, ruled an independent Kingdom from Oristrano

The Duomo Cathedral in Siena, built in the 13th Century AD

15th Century Map of Ancona by Piri Reis

The Pantheon of Rome

The Castel Nuovo of Naples

The Papal Palace of Avignon

Depiction of Nice in the 1500s

Marseilles in 1575

Annunziata dei Catalani (late 12th-13th century)

Headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller during the Crusades

The Castle was captured by the Christians in 1104

The Castle was retaken by Saladin in 1188

The Crusaders built the Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa circa 1150

Constantine III, Chrisian King of Armenian Cilicia

The Crusader castle at Byblos

Castle built by the Knights Templar in 1218

Fortress built be the Knights Hospitaller in 1168

Crusader castle built in the 1140s

Crusader castle built in 1115 by Baldwin I

Crusader castle built in 1105

Darum was a stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller

The coast of Latakia, as the crusaders would have seen it from the sea

17th Century depiction of the crusaders attacking Damietta

Kolossi castle in Limassol

Saint Nicolas Cathedral in Famagusta, built 1298-1400

Armenian Castle off the coast of Corycus

The re-taking of Beirut by Amalric II in 1197. 1842 paiting by Hesse

Depiction of the Egypyians retaking Acre in 1291

Jerusalem was recaptured by the Crusaders in 1099

Headquarters of the Islamic "Assassin" Sect

William of Tyre discovers Baldwin IV's first symptoms of leprosy

The Crusader castle of Sidon

After a yearlong siege, the crusaders finaly capture Antioch

A prophecy stated that the Crusaders would take Jerusalem if they walked around the cities walls barefoot, it appeared to work

Desperate crusaders resorted to canibalism after capturing Maarat

The Crusaders defeat the Egyptians

The Christians lose Edessa

Guy of Lusignan surrenders to Saladin after Battle of Hattin

The Crusaders capture Acre

The Crusaders are defeated, bringing an end to the Seventh Crusade

The crusaders capture Damietta

The Mongols are defeated by the Egyptians

The Mongols are defeated by the Egyptians

Baldwin of Boulogne is welcomed by the Armenian clergy into Edessa in 1098

Frederick I Barbarossa died after falling from his horse whilst crossing the Saleph River, as a result, most of the German crusaders turn back

Richard the Lionheart defeats Saladin, bringing an end to the Third Crusade

A typical street in Islamic Cairo

The Arabs controlled Fraxinet (The area of St. Tropez) from 889-973

Bari was the capital of an Islamic Emirate in Italy (841 - 871)

Arabic architecture in Palermo

A storm assists the Christians in defeating the Muslim Navy

Mdina was the capital of Malta during the period of Arab rule

The Normans defeat the Muslims

Gate to the 9th Century Mosque in Mahdia

A reconstruction of a Philistine House

A Phoenician style ship, from an Assyrian relief

Kadesh-Barneah is the site where Miriam, sister of Moses died

The Mesha Stela from 840 BC recalls the victory of the Moabites against "Omri king of Israel"

The Phoenician Goddess Astarte was worshipped at Ashtoreth

The Taking of Jericho, from a 19th Century painting by Tissot

Deborah the Prophetess preached in the land of Ephraim

Jacob wrestles with the Angel

Samson destroys the Phillistine Temple in Gaza

Remains of a Phoenician temple between Beirut and Sidon

A Phoenician coin

The famous Pigeon Rocks of Beirut

The Castle at Maurocastro

Genoese Fortress at Caffa

Durrës in 1573

Billingual Greek and Arabic inscription at Sinope, 1215 AD

The castle of Palamidi at Nafplion

Genoese Fortress at Sudak

The Venetian Fortress at Corfu

Venetian Era Fort at Tenedos

Venetian Fortress at Rethymo

The Venetian fortress of Rocca al Mare guards the harbor at Heraklion

The Loggia del Lionello, built by the Venetians in the 1400s

Bursa served as the capital of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th Century

The Crusaders sack the city of Zadar, a rival of Venice, during the Forth Crusade

The Venetian Fortifications on the Exobourgos Mountain of Tinos

The Ottoman Turks defeat the Venetians using canons for the first time at sea

The Genoese Fleet, pictured here, destroys the Pisan Fleet

The Turks are defeated

The Turks fail to take Malta

Rhodes as it looked after the failed siege by the Turks

The Turks capture Rhodes from the Knights Hospitaller

Constantinople is captured by the Forth Crusaders

Constantinople falls to the Turks

Turkish victory

Painting of Venetian and Ottoman fleets engaging, from the 17th Century

Hagia Sophia, Instanbul

Selimiye Mosque, built in the 16th Century

The Death of Hyacinth, whose tomb was supposedly located at Amyklai

Varasova Mountain as seen from Patras

The Greek hero Thesius was supposedly born in Troizen

Tablet showing an animal sacrifice unearthed near Sikyon, dated to 530 BC

Medieval Byzantine Image of the Emperor Constantine and the bishops of the First Council of Nicaea

St. Paul's Bay in Malta, where locals believe St. Paul was shipwrecked

Polycarp is killed during a persecution of Christians (156 AD)

The Provincial Governer persecutes the Christian community of Lyon (177 AD)

Emperor Nero blames Christians in Rome for the Great fire of 64 AD and has them killed.

During a wave of Persecutions in North Africa, Perpetua and Felicitas are matryred at Carthage (202 AD)

St Januarius is killed in Campania during the Diocletian Persecution

St. George is killed among many others at Nicomedia during the Diocletian Persecution

St. Agnes is killed in Rome during the Diocletian Persecution

40 Christian soldiers are killed at Sebeste (Sivas) in 320 AD

In retaliation for their support of Christian persecution, Constantine orders the destruction of the Oracle of Apollo and murder of the priests

388 AD

326 AD

Artist's reconstruction of the temple complex of Baalbeck

In 364 AD, the Emperor Jovian orders the burning of the Library of Antioch

Temple of the God Asclepius sacked by the Christians in 388 AD, then finally destroyed by Alaric and the Goths in 395 AD

The Pagan temples of Milan are destroyed on orders of the Bishop Ambrosius

The Christian priests lead a mob against the Temple of Goddess Demeter (380 AD)

Cabeireion destroyed

388 AD

388 AD

Theophilus, Patriarch of Alexandria destroys the Pagan temples of Alexandria and the Serapeum library

392 AD

The Olympic Games are outlawed as part of the Hellenic "idolatry" and Christians sack the Temples of Olympia.

In 399 AD, the Temple is siezed by a Christian mob and converted into a church, but a few years later it is destroyed along with all other Pagan relics in Carthage

Reconstruction of the Temple of Artemis, Ephesus

Destruction of Pagan temples by Saints Epiphanius and Eutychius

The Temple to Athena at the Acropolis is sacked under the orders of Theodosius

The temple of Aphrodite is sacked in 450 AD, a few years later the structure was converted into a church

The Emperor Constantine's soldiers demolish the Temple of Asclepius in 325 AD

Reconstruction of the Ancient city of Pergamum

Antigonus (pictured in the coin above) defeats the forces of Eumenes and conquers Persia

Ptolemy I (pictured) defeats the forces of Antigonus

Seleucus arrives with his Indian elpehants to save his allies and defeat Antigonus, who is killed on the battlefield

Seleucus (pictured) defeats Lysimachus

Antiochus I, son of Seleucus gains the nickname 'Soter' (savior) for driving back an invasion of Gauls with elephants

The ruins of Meda'in Saleh were known to Mohammed and refered to in the Koran (Sura 7 & 11)

The ruins of one of the forts of Khaybar, where the Jews made their last stand against Mohammed

14th Century AD depiction of Mohammed lifting the black stone onto a carpet so that it can be placed inside the Kaaba, Mecca

Nakhla was the center for the worship of the Goddess Al-Uzza, this image is modern, all ancient images were destroyed.

Taif was the center for the worship of the Goddess Allat, this image is modern, all ancient images were destroyed.

Qudayd was the center for the worship of the Goddess Manat, this image is modern, all ancient images were destroyed.

14th century AD depiction of a Ghassanid Arab King

14th Century Persian depiction of Muhammad leading the Muslims against the Banu Qaynuqa, who he expelled from Medina in 624 AD

Mount Uhud, where the Muslims suffered their first defeat

16th Century depiction of Medina

Mohammed and his companions slaughter all the males of the Banu Qurayza tribe

Ancient engraving of a horse near Najran

The Muslims destroy the Pagan Idols of the Kaaba, from a 10th Century Persian Painting

Mohammed sends Khalid to destroy the sanctuary of the Goddess Al-Uzza and kill the custodians

Mohammed sent Abu Sufyan to destroy the temple of the Goddess Manat

Mohammed sent Abu Sufyan to destroy the temple of the Goddess Allat

Mohammed fled to Medina in 622 AD

The Great Pyramid of Cheops is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids at Giza.

The Stepp Pyramid of Pharoah Djoser, 27th century BC

The Meidum Pyramid

The Bent Pyramid at Dahshur

Horus with a Pharoah at the temple of Osiris in Abydos

The entrance to the temple of Abu Simbel, from an 1838 illustration by David Roberts

Precinct of Amun-Re, as it appeared in 1838

Pharoah Akhenaton with Nefertiti and their children

Gold funerary mask of Psusennes I, found at Djanet

The Narmer Palette, found at Nekhen, which illustrates the first unification of Egypt under Pharaoh Narmer (3100 BC)

Artist reconstruction of the Temple of Amun at Napata

Statues of the Nubian Pharaohs of the 25th Dynasty found at Kerma

Egyptian depiction of the Hyksos peoples, who conquered Egypt in the Second Intermediate Period and made Avaris their capital.

Semna was a fortified town established in the reign of Senusret I (1965-1920 BCE) on the west bank of the Nile

Herakleopolis was the center for the worship of the Egyptian Ram-God Heryshaf (pictured above).

Bust of Pharaoh Amasis II of the 26th Dynasty who ruled Egypt from Sais.

Ramesses II of Egypt faces Muwatalli II of the Hittites, stalemate between the two Empires

The face of Persian King Darius I from the Behistun Inscription

Achaemenid tomb at Naqsh-e Rustam

Bracelet from the Oxus Treasure

Depiction of Bactrians from the Persepolis Relief

Persian victory over Neo-Babylonians

Queen Tomyris of the Massagetae with the head of Cyrus the Great

The lost army of Cambyses II according to a XIX century engraving

Cambyses II of Persia capturing pharaoh Psamtik III. Image on Persian seal, VI century BC.

Ptolemais was most probably founded in 7th or 6th century BC by settlers from Barka. It was destroyed by the Arabs in the 7th Century AD.

The ancient Greek temple of Hercules in what was once Philadelphia, now Amman, the modern capital of Jordan.

Apamea on the Orontes, built by Seleucus I Nicator and named after his Bactrian wife Apama.

Laodicea was founded by the Macedonian King Seleucus I Nicator and named after his mother Laodice, it is now known as Latakia.

3 girls approach a seated woman holding a pomegranite, relief from xanthos circa 480 BC

The temple of Isis at Philae, the last pagan temple in the Mediterranean World, it was finally closed down by Justinian the Great in the 6th Century AD.

Eglon was a Canaanite city destroyed by the Israelites under Joshua, the whole city was massacred

Heshbon was a Canaanite city destroyed by the Isrealites under Moses.

Bashan was a Canannite nation totally destroyed by Moses, the entire population was slaughtered.

The Israelites, led by Joshua, sack Jericho and slaughter all of the men, women and children

Tel Burna (pictured) may be the location of the Canaanite city of Libnah, where the Israelites slaughtered the entire population (Joshua 10:29-30)

Jebus was the ancient name of Jerusalem before it was conquered by the Israelites

The Israelites defeat the Northern Canaanites and destroy all their cities

The Israelites slaughter all the Midianite men, but keep the virgin girls for themselves.